Social Rights Are Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Rights Are Human Rights - Essay Example Human rights are defined as the rights that a human has as a result of being a human. This follows that every human being has an inherent authority over human rights. Human rights cannot be divided whether they are civil or political; for example the right to live, no discrimination before the law and freedom of speech and expression. Similarly, economic, social and cultural rights cannot be divided either. However these rights are interrelated and dependent on each other. This follows that progress in one right has an influence on the other and withdrawal of one impact the other (United Nations Human Rights, 2011). Whelan and Donnelly (2007) argue that Western countries have advocated economic and social rights strongly and consistently over the period of time, leading to the post-World War era as we know now. However most analysts are of the perspective that political and civil rights have been given preponderance over social rights. McNally (2006) observes that the global corporat e agenda is a representation of the trend towards commodification that has led to the promotion of capitalism since its advent, highlighting the greater importance being given to political rights. Human rights encompass a range of freedoms and rights, of which economic, social and cultural rights form a part of. The human rights definition that follows does imply the notion of protecting social rights and laws and regulations are meant to safeguard the basic and vital â€Å"needs of the human person and his/her dignity in times of peace and war† (Kalin, Muller & Wyttenbach, 2004). However human rights do not grant equal importance to the rights that they compromise of. It is argued that social rights are not given the same status by human rights as it gives to civil and political rights. According to Vierdag (1978), civil and political rights have always been considered as absolute and immediate compared to economic, social and cultural rights, which are considered programmat ic and to be recognized over the period of time. This will form the core of the argument in this paper and will focus on the status of social, civil and political rights in the context of human rights. When taking human rights as a collective concept, it can be appreciated that human rights have developed and evolved throughout the course of history. This has led to the division of human rights into three generations. Kalin, Muller and Wyttenbach (2004) observe that the pattern and process of the evolution of human rights is manifested in their structure. The Human rights that are represented and divested in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights can be classified into several generations; this classification is based on the historical origin of each generation. Commonly human rights are divided into three main generations. The first generation consists of civil and political rights and the second generation refers to economic, social and cultural rights. The third generation com promises of collective rights or solidarity rights. The division of human rights into further generations creates a difference in the level of importance attached to each. This paper will delve into the details of the first two generations. Civil and political

Java Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Java - Research Paper Example Members declared public have no bounds, they can be accessed from anywhere by any class irrespective of whether they are in same package or not. To sum up, the access limits of each modifier are tabulated below: Members declared as Can be accessed from members of Same Class Same Package Subclass Other Packages Public Yes Yes Yes Yes Private Yes No No No Protected Yes Yes Yes No b) Span of access Variable that are declared private/protected can be accessed outside its scope by defining set and get methods for that variable in the declaring class and calling the method from outside. However, the set and get methods must be declared public. Alternatively, we can use Reflection API which provides pre-defined methods to access private members of other classes. Still private members of super class cannot be accessed through these methods. c) Example 2. Passing Parameters to methods a) Parameter handling by methods In java, we can pass parameters of any valid data type to methods. This incl udes both primitive data types like integer, string, float etc and reference data types like objects and arrays. In both the cases, the data is passed only by value and not by reference, which means only a copy of the variable is sent and this will not affect the original value of the variable in the internal memory. i. Changing value of a primitive-type parameter within a method: When the value of the primitive type parameter is changed within the method, it remains in effects only within the scope of the function (method). It is not reflected to the outside world and the passed variable still contains its original value, unless until we assign this returned value to the variable. ii. Changing value of a primitive-type data field of a reference-type When the value of object fields of a reference type is changed within the method, it can be reflected in the original object’s field provided it has the proper access level. However, the reference variable will still point to the same object. iii. Reassigning the reference of a reference-type parameter to a new object that you create within a method In this case, the reference variable will point to the new object. b) Example In the above example, only the fields modified inside the method is reflected outside in the reference variable. The actual reference object is not modified outside when it is assigned a new object inside the method. For this reason, the textObject2 is not modified. However, in the next line when the reference variable is assigned a new object returned from the method, it now points to the new object. 3. Static Modifier a) Using the modifier static on a variable A variable is declared static in order to make it accessible commonly among all the instances of a class. In other words, the actual variable can be directly accessed and modified from any objects/instance of a class, just like a common shared folder in a network system. This type of variable is frequently employed in situation where every instances of a class require a common variable to update or retrieve certain information which is common to all users of the application. For example, retrieving or updating the most frequently viewed products in an online shopping application. Further, static variables are employed in combination with public and final keyword to store values that remain constant throughout the application.

HOWARD GOODALL'S 20TH CENTURY GREATS - BERNARD HERMAN Assignment

HOWARD GOODALL'S 20TH CENTURY GREATS - BERNARD HERMAN - Assignment Example He brought the orchestra up to date with imaginative and unparalleled musical textures and effects. Hermann used electronic instruments to score a sequence of landmark films. In doing this, he did not only deter the film audience off the romantic music it was almost conversant with but he also impacted classical concert. He was unsure of his success. He never received the respect he had a desire in the classical world. However, Herman did more than anyone else to widen the musical tastes of the audience. He did this in the crucible most significant form, which is the cinema, of the twentieth century (Howard). Herman composed more than simple music to manipulate his audience as most movies scores are intended to (Howard). He created a psychological mood that developed a character unto itself. Living even beyond the images they are established to support. It is interesting to learn about the combination of historic facts and practical demonstration. It is interesting to note that the musical concepts to be observed in the Hitch scores of Hermann always have a heavy focus on internal repetition. Often, sections of Hermans music will comprise of a short notion that is repeated in various ways. On the one hand, it is applied to disguise this repetition partially, but, on the other hand, to assist the suspense and obsession of mood and cyclic falls found in the Hitchcock. The most remarkable of the repetition strategies comprise of the chromaticism and instrumentation. Chromaticism not only permits Herrmann to repeat short phrases without end, but it also increases the suspense and general mood of the scene. It is a device of Hermanns landscape, which can be seen as the first of Herrmann’s notable echoes. Herman was evidently able through his collaboration with Hitchcock to connect these films sonically. The allusions betray a more intelligent objective than a simple lack of creativity. The echoes throw thematic designs in the

Subject of Course Project Essay Example for Free

Subject of Course Project Essay In today competitive economy, we need information system in every aspect of the organization because Information systems help in decision making process in a cost effective way. Using technologies to discover, analyze and act in real time on the large volumes of data in research laboratories will be beneficial to the organizations. Every organization produces large amount of data and we need a system to contain it and extract information effectively. Databases management systems are design to ease difficulties in maintain complex information systems. An organization such as Mayo Clinic not only has the clinical heath care system but also has the larger department focuses on research and innovations. These types of organizations contain many different research laboratories that use different database system and technologies, bio specimens and produce many different results. This indicates that they have large valuable data yet missing a system that can link them together so that we can compare and contrast all the pertaining data out there. Business Problem Statement The core problem to be solved is inefficient database systems of each disconnected database systems to a system that can communicate many different databases with easy to pull information out of. Due to difference in needs of each research labs, it would be very unproductive to use one type of database for all the labs. However, we need a system that can communicate different databases and queries all the information quickly. Name of the Organization The name of the organization is Mayo Clinic. I want to specifically focus the issue of database system of research department and more specifically about the database system of the lab that I am currently working with. At my lab, we are currently using a Microsoft Access Database to store both clinical and laboratory information by saving in it the share folder for other team members to access. However, there is no tracking system in place and with multi users involve, we have no way of know who or where the information could be wrong. Many other labs also have issues with current databases that they are using due to limited user abilities, missing tracking in place, and waiting time for programmer to give us reports. General Benefits By building a system that can give both clinical information and research information help save time and money of the organization and employees. It will encourage more collaboration within the institutes. If we have information on the samples that other labs already worked on, we no longer need to waste resources to produce the same data by sharing the results. There will be more time for innovations by removing the repetitive experiments. This system can also help at finding more resources such as which labs are working on the similar samples or experiments thus increase collaboration either by exchanging samples or working on the ideas together. It is also important to point out the sharing contents will be control by the users to avoid conflict. A system that can communicate with other database can pull up information of the same patients without needing to re-enter them in many different databases will save time and employee can focus on different tasks. High Level Approach Building a database system will take hours of mapping connections and writing a program that can be customized by users. The best way is to have web base database systems for the labs which don’t have a good relational database yet. Then, build a system that can link the entire relational databases to talk to each other and pull out data. There is two ways we can build the system either by outsourcing or in-house program development. Another step is to find out which way is more cost effective with the time we need to have them ready. Also, it would be important to have a research server and a team to maintain the systems. Audience The needs of an effective research laboratories database system are obvious yet it is costly and time consuming to build one. All the principle investors need to be participating and build the system together and budget into their lab cost. Senior managements and mangers of the labs of Mayo Clinic need to know the importance and benefit of having central research database system.

Case Study of Eruption Cysts

Case Study of Eruption Cysts Eruption cyst not uncommon: A series of three cases Abstract Aim: Presentation of three clinical cases with an eruption cyst Background:  Eruption cysts are rarely seen benign cysts most commonly encountered on the mucosa before the tooth eruption Case description: In two patients, eruption cyst occurred in the maxillary arch and in one patient it foundin the lower arch. The three eruption cysts were found with the permanent teeth. Surgical treatment was done in all three cases and tooth erupted in normal pattern Conclusion: Eruption cyst requires surgical interventionwhen patient experiences any hurt, bleeding or when they get infected and face unesthetic appearance. Surgical excision requires to relive the child from discomfort. Clinical significance: Knowledge about occurrence of eruption cyst, a rare developmental eruption disturbance is very essential to provide the correct diagnosis and treatment Key words: Benign cyst, eruption cyst, surgical excision INTRODUCTION eruption cysts are rarely encountered benign soft tissue lesions seen on the mucosa before the tooth eruption takes place. Some authors belived them as either dentigerous cysts or follicular cysts. However, they are categorized as separate lesions as they seen only in soft tissue. The pathogenesis behind the development of this cyst is not known. One author has found trauma, infection and deficient space for eruption as main etiological factors for their occurrence based on the retrospective study of their 36 cases. It appears to be to arise from the separation of the epithelium ffrom the enamel of the crown of the tooth due to an accumulation of fluid or blood in a dilated follicular space. The exact etiology of occurrence of eruption cyst is not clear. Aguilo et al.3 in their retrospective clinical study of 36 cases, found early trauma, infection and the  deficient space for eruption as possible causative factors. It seems to be toarise from the separation of the epithelium from the enamel of the crown of the tooth due to an accumulation of fluid  or blood in a dilated follicular space literature search shows low prevalence of these cysts. The reason behind low prevalence could be attributed to the fact of being them considered as dentigerous cysts by many investigators  in addition to this only few reports show the definitive diagnosis of these cysts using biopsy since they are benign lesions This may also suggest that either the eruption cyst is an unusual lesion or it is an accepted local disturbance that is associated with the eruption of many teeth. The clinicalsignificanceof low prevalence may also be due to the factthatmost often the dentist sees only symptomatic eruption cysts and the majorityresolves unnoticed CASES DISCRIPTION We hereby report three cases of eruption cyst who reported to the Out Patient Department of  Pedodontics and preventive dentistry, College of Dental sciences, Davangere, India  Case No A12-year-old  male child along with his parents reported with the  chief complaint of bluish black swelling on the gums in the front region of the upper jaw [Figure1a]. History of the case revealed lesion started appearing weeks back as translucent swelling over normal mucosa and it increased to its present size.  The color of the  lesion also slowly changed from its normal red mucosa to the present bluish black colorone week back No fluid  discharge or any other associated symptoms were associated. The general physical examination of the child showed no abnormalitiesExamination of the oral cavity revealed that the child was in the mixed dentition stage.  Soft tissue examination did not show any abnormalities except, the presence ofswelling on the buccal gingiva with respect to unerupte d 11, not extending to palatal surface. Clinically the lesion as bluish-black, circumscribed, fluctuant swelling that measured approximately 1 x 1.5 cm in diameter and was very soft inconsistency. The mucosa was smooth and no ulcerationor bleeding was present Case No An 8-year-old female patient reported with the chief complaint of non erupting upper front tooth along  with a swelling in upper anterior region Figure  1b]. Lesion started appearing 6weeks back as translucent swelling over normal mucosa and it slowly increased to  reach present size. It associated with dull aching pain on mastication.  The general physical examination of the child showed no abnormalities.  Examination of the oral cavity  showedthat the child was in the mixed dentition stage. All the permanent 1st molars had completely erupted and allcentral incisors except were erupted. Swelling measured approximately 1x 1 cm in diameter and was very soft and fluctuant and slightly bluish in color. The was smooth with no ulceration or bleeding Case No A 7- year-old boy reported with the chief complaint of swelling inlower left back tooth region [Figure 2a]. Lesion started appearing 3 weeks back translucent swelling in the region of unerupted left permanent first molarand it slowly increased to its present size.  Examination of the oral cavity revealed that the child was in the mixed dentition stage. All the permanent 1st molars had completely erupted  except mandibular left molar Swelling measured approximately 2 x 2.5 cm in diameter and was very soft and fluctuant with bluish color. In this case too, the overlying smooth with no ulceration present Radiographic examination Case 1 showed presence of 11, case 2 showed presenceof 21, case 3 showed presence of 36 in the stage of eruption and involvement or any radiolucency surrounding this tooth.Based on clinical and radiographic examination, the lesions were diagnosed as eruption cyst associated with 11, Treatment The clinical condit ion was explained to the parents and they were advised to observe the swellings for another 2 weeks as it may rupture on its and may notrequire any surgical intervention. Patients reported after 15-20 days. In all three cases, the swelling was not resolved and complained of discomfort associated with swelling while chewing food. The surgical procedure was explained to the parents and consent was obtained for the same. A blood investigation was carried out before the procedure.In first two patients,the treatment included incising the eruption cyst with BP bladeno.15 and draining the contents of the cyst. A window was cut leading to the exposureof 11 and 21. In third patient as little big with thick mucosa overlying, the superficial part present over 36 was excised completely and it was sent for histological examination. content of the cyst was drained completely. Post operative instructions were given in all patients [Figure 1c, 1d and 2b]. The case 1 and case reviewed after one month and a normal eruption pattern was observed [Figure 1e, 1f]. In addition of surgical excision of cyst in case 3, pulp for 74, cementation of modified distal shoe with intra-mucosal extension was cemented to guide the eruption of 36 [Figure 2c] and reverse crown and loop space maintainer cementation was done to prevent the mesial migration of 46. Case reviewed after 2 and 4 weeks and a of 36 was observed [Figure 2d and 3a]. After 3 month, when complete eruption of 36 was observed, distal shoe appliance was replaced and loop space maintainer [Figure 3b Microscopic examination: Haematoxylin and Eosin stained section from case No. 3 revealed, stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium with areas of acanthosis. Connective tissue was moderately fibrous with areas of extravasated RBCs, few blood vessels and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Few inactive odontogenic rests was also seen in the connective tissue DISCUSSION on clinical examination eruption cysts appears as aelevated dome shaped swelling more commonly encountered on the mucosa of the alveolar ridge. On palpation these lesions feel soft in consistency and the surface colour usually appears as bluish, purple to black or transparent color  on clinical examination eruption cysts appears as aelevated dome shaped swe lling more commonly encountered on the mucosa of the alveolar ridge. On palpation these lesions feel soft in consistency and the surface colour usually appears as bluish, purple to black or transparent color. It  raised Clinically, eruption cyst appears as a dome shaped raised swelling in the mucosa of the alveolar ridge, which is soft to touch and the color ranges from transparent, bluish, purple to blue-black.2 Inall three presented cases here, the  color of the cyst ranged from reddish black to bluish  Eruption cyst found to appear more in the upper arch compared to lower and commonly involving anterior teeth.to be more prevalent in the maxillary archinvolving anterior teeth. Eruption cyst associated with molars and premolars is very rare. Nagaveni et al.,5 reported development of this cyst in relation to mandibular first premolar which is a rare finding on radiographic examination it is difficult to differeciate between the cystic space of eruption cyst. The reason could be the presence of both the cyst and tooth in the soft tissue. In case of dentigerous cyst we can appreciate anunilocular radiolucent region in the shape of a half moon on the crown of a non-erupted tooth. 2on h istological examination the eruption cysts shows the similar microscopic features of the dentigerous cysts which consists of connective fibrous tissue covered by a fine layer of non-keratinized cellular epithelium.  Ã‚  area It is difficult to distinguish the cystic space of eruption cyston radiographbecause both the cyst and tooth are directly in the soft tissue  in contrast to dentigerous cyst in which a well-defined  unilocular radiolucentarea is observed in the form of a half moon on the crown of a non-erupted tooth.2Histologically,the eruptioncyst presents the same microscopic characteristics as the dentigerous cyst, with connective?brous tissue covered with a fine layer of non-keratinized cellular epithelium.2 On histologic examination of tissue excised from case no. 3 showed stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium with focal areas of acanthosis, chronic inflammatory cells and few inactive odontogenic rests in connective tissue  most of the times, the eruption c ysts do not need any treatment and they resolve on their own. 4,7 surgical treatment is required when they show bleeding, infected, hurts the patients or esthetically unpleasing. 2,8 Treatment is done to give relief from the discomfort resulting from the eruption cysts. The treatment involves simple excision or excision of the overlying tissue to expose the crown and draining the fluid is carried out in cases where the underlying tooth is not erupting or when the cyst is increasing in size. Mostly, the eruption cysts do not require treatment and majority of them disappear on their own.4,7 Surgical intervention is required when they hurt bleed, are infected, or esthetic problems arise.2,8 Treatment has to be performed in order for the childto be relived from discomfort arising lesion.Simple incision or partial excision of the overlying tissue to expose the crown anddraining the fluidis indicated when the underlying tooth is not erupting or the cyst is enlarging advanced imaging techniques like the diode laser system is an excellent equipment for the management of eruption cyst. The advantages include elimination for the need of local anesthesia in majority cases.9 As a result the occurrence of possible complications, toxicity and allergic reactions are avoided. This diode laser has bactericidalcoagulative effects. In addition to this one can appreciate mild bleeding and better visualization of the working area as compared to conventional scalpel method of treating erupti on cysts. 10 In thepresented 3 cases, we used scalpel for incising or excising the lesion as we did not have access to the laser therapy in our department. The diode laser system is an excellent toolfor management of eruption cyst,since it eliminates the need for local anesthesia in most cases Painless character of laser has been attributed to its transitory anesthetic effect due to the blocking of the  nerve conduction in Na/K pump.9 The patient is comfortable, not noticing the sensation of vibration or observing the contact of the laser handpiece with the mucosa.4As of local anesthesia is not used, the possibility of complications, toxicityand allergic reactions are eliminated. The diode laser has bactericidal coagulative effectsalso.Compared with conventional scalpel there is mild bleeding and better visibility of working areawith use of laser.10 In the presented 3 cases, we used scalpel for incising or excising the lesion as we did not have access to the laser therapy in our institution. Conclusion: Eruption cyst requires surgical intervention when they hurt, bleed, are infected, or esthetic problems arise. Treatment has to be performed in order to relive the child from discomfort. Clinical significance: Knowledge about occurrence of eruption cyst among clinicians is very essential to provide the correct diagnosis and treatment.

High School Drops Outs Essay -- Education

The number of people dropping out of high school is on the rise. A high school drop out is more likely to be subjected to poverty. The high school drop out will historically be less likely to obtain a high paying job. Many high school dropouts will be less likely to become a productive or beneficial member of society, but will instead create a burden for the community for which he or she is a member. According to the National Center for Education, in 2001 the dropout rate was approximately, 10.7 percent for people between the ages of 16 to 24. Studies showed that dropout rates were higher for people in the 10th grade, due to the fact that children over the age of 16 were no longer required to stay in school. Upon completion of the `Leaver Survey', many students said the leaving school was a process, no a sudden decision. Over 20 percent of all dropouts interviewed indicated a preference for working over school, as the most important reason for dropping out. Several other reasons were pregnancy, marriage, and boredom. A staggering 30 percent of all high school dropouts had an A or...

A High School Students Opinion of Poetry :: Education Poetry Poems Essays

A High School Student's Opinion of Poetry Students’ opinions of poetry are very important to consider when planning how to cover poetry in the classroom. In this article, Jon C. Mladic and Douglas R. Pietrzak surveyed a high school creative writing class in Normal, IL (grades 10-12) about their opinions of poetry. They created an extensive survey concerning the students’ opinions and experiences with poetry as well their preferences for instruction. They also interview the teacher of the creative writing class in order to gather her opinions. Mladic and Pietrzak found that surveying students in creative writing classes can be very useful for any class. Students stated that it was especially dificult to write on command and that the environment of the school was not particularly conducive to writing. Students that were inclined to write on their own often cited writing as a means of self-exploration and they felt as if the environment of the school was not fitting for this purpose. In this article, Mladic and Pietrzak discuss a list of possible adjustments that could be made to the classroom to help the students feel more comfortable expressing themselves through writing, but insist that a writing classroom should be individually adapted to the unique members and interests of each classroom. Poetry as a means of self-expression has a wide-range of possible uses outside the English classroom as well that can be very beneficial for students’ personal and social development. Introduction This study is concerned with students’ opinions and knowledge of poetry so that the teacher can best adjust the classroom atmosphere to encourage student writing and creative exploration. Poetry as a topic for high school students is full of misconceptions and stereotypes. Therefore, since high school students tend to have little exposure to poetry – especially writing it – it is very important for the teacher to be sensitive and understand the dynamics of the classroom so that they are able to inspire students to feel comfortable with poetry. Poetry can be a very powerful tool of self-expression and self-exploration for students. Research Questions Essentially we have one research question: What opinions do high schools students have when approaching poetry? This question, however, led to a number of other questions. How can the classroom be adjusted to best fit your approaches towards writing? What topics do you write about in poetry? What is students’ prior knowledge of poetry?